Core Working Process and Typical Applications of AC Servo Motors

An AC servo motor is a special type of motor that uses AC power and achieves precise position, speed, and torque control through closed-loop control. It is a core actuator for precision motion control in modern industrial automation. Below is a sharing from Jianlong Hydraulic Technology.

1. Working Principle and System Composition

1.1 Closed-Loop Control System Architecture

                         [Motion Controller] → [Servo Driver] → [AC Servo Motor] → [Mechanical Load]

            ↑                                 ↓

            └─────── [Encoder Feedback] ←────────┘

1.2 Core Workflow

◦ Command Reception: The driver receives position/speed commands from the controller.

◦ Current Control: The driver outputs precisely controlled three-phase AC power.

◦ Magnetic Field Generation: The stator winding generates a rotating magnetic field.

◦ Synchronous Rotation: The rotor (permanent magnet or induction coil) rotates synchronously with the magnetic field.

◦ Real-Time Feedback: The encoder detects the rotor position in real time and feeds it back to the driver.

◦ Error Correction: The driver compares the target value with the actual value and continuously adjusts the output.

2. Key Performance Characteristics

2.1 Excellent Control Performance

◦ High-Precision Positioning: Repeatability accuracy up to ±1 pulse (no cumulative error)

◦ Wide Speed Range: Speed ratio up to 1:5000 or higher, no crawling at low speeds

◦ Rapid Response: Acceleration up to tens of thousands of rad/s², response time in milliseconds.

2. Excellent Dynamic Characteristics

◦ Strong Overload Capacity: Short-term overload capacity up to 300% of rated torque.

◦ High Stiffness: Strong resistance to load disturbances, maintaining stable position.

2.3 High Efficiency and Intelligence

◦ Significant Energy Saving: Efficiency 10-30% higher than asynchronous motors.

◦ Intelligent Diagnosis: Built-in fault detection and early warning functions.

3. Typical Application Areas

3.1 Industrial Automation

◦ Industrial Robots: Each joint is a servo axis.

◦ CNC Machine Tools: Feed axes, spindle drives.

◦ Electronics Manufacturing: Pick and place machines, bonding machines, wire bonding machines.

3.2 High-End Equipment

◦ Semiconductor Equipment:Lithography machines, wafer handling robots.

◦ Medical Devices: CT scanners, surgical robots, analytical instruments.

◦ Printing and Packaging: Gravure printing, high-speed filling, die-cutting machines.

3.3 Emerging Fields

◦ New Energy:Photovoltaic string welding machines, lithium battery winding machines.

◦ Laser Processing: Laser cutting, welding, marking

◦ Intelligent Logistics: AGV drive, high-speed sorting system

AC servo motors, through precise magnetic field control and real-time feedback correction, achieve motion control performance unmatched by ordinary motors. Among them, permanent magnet synchronous servo motors, with their high efficiency, high response, and high power density, have become the absolute mainstream in the field of precision control. With the development of Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing, AC servo motors are evolving towards greater intelligence, integration, and efficiency, becoming the "precision power heart" driving modern industrial progress. For more information/advice on servo motors or to purchase other high-quality hydraulic presses, please contact us (or scan the WhatsApp QR code below). Jianlong Hydraulic Technology will provide you with personalized and customized professional solutions, dedicated to serving you.